| Dimension | TMP | Legacy Psychiatry |
| Core Epistemology | Mechanism-first; physiology before psychology; CNS-anchored | Symptom-cluster-based; descriptive; symptomatology over mechanism |
| Approach to Dissociation | Dissociation-informed; treats dissociation as understandable CNS behavior | Often misunderstood or minimized; treated as mysterious, rare or narrative |
| Reasoning Framework | Bayesian: continuous updating, probabilistic reasoning, avoids diagnostic inertia | Static: diagnosis made early and rarely revisited; low updating |
| Diagnostic Workflow | Rule-outs before labels; reversible causes and contributors first; multi-scale data integration | Labels before rule-outs; medical causes and contributors very often skipped |
| View of the CNS | CNS fails first and recovers last;central to all psychiatric presentations | CNS rarely conceptualized mechanistically; symptoms treated in isolation |
| Use of Labs & Physiology | Extensive, structured, tiered lab architecture; interprets labs through CNS impact | Minimal labs; often limited to TSH, CBC, CMP; thresholds treated as binary |
| Interpretation of Lab Values | Prioritizes CNS vulnerability; does not rely on hematologic thresholds.“Waiting for anemia is asking for brain damage.” | Uses population thresholds;assumes lab-defined “normal” means “not relevant” |
| Treatment Philosophy | Treat the mechanism; correct reversible causes and contributors; restore CNS function | Treat the label; medication-first; mechanism very often uninvestigated |
| Handling of Uncertainty | Explicit; quantified; Bayesian updating; uncertainty drives deeper investigation | Implicit; often ignored; uncertainty resolved by assigning a diagnosis |
| Approach to Trauma | Mechanistic trauma science; dissociation as CNS adaptation; high-resolution | Narrative trauma models; often low-resolution, lacking developmental context as well |
| Approach to DID | Mechanistic, dissociation-informed, literature-anchored | Often dismissed, misunderstood, or pathologized without mechanism |
| Safety Culture | Patient-safety lineage; medical rule-outs, physiology, and clarity as safety behaviors | Safety often equated with documentation and risk checklists |
| Clinical Interviewing | Mechanism-guided; maps symptoms to physiology and CNS states | Symptom-counting; checklist-driven; DSM-anchored |
| Model Completeness | Integrates physiology, labs, CNS behavior, dissociation, trauma, sleep | Fragmented; psychological, biological, and social domains poorly integrated |
| Accuracy | Higher accuracy due to mechanistic grounding and continuous updating | Lower accuracy due to reliance on descriptive categories and absence of mechanistic investigation |
| Cultural Impact | Builds a new epistemic culture;clarity and safety are prioritized | Reinforces existing culture; low-precision norms of past decades persist |
| Scalability | Teachable, reproducible, architecture-driven | Dependent on clinician intuition;low reproducibility |
| Clinician Behavior | Seriousness, literature fluency, responsibility, stewardship, patient safety | Variable; often low-precision, low-effort, paucity of literature |
| Patient Experience | Validated, understood, mechanistically explained, and treated as complete human being | Often dismissed, pathologized, or misunderstood |
| Overall Model | More accurate, more complete, trauma- and dissociation-informed, Bayesian, CNS-first | Historically dominant but structurally incomplete and non-mechanistic |
